Here are some tips on finding journal articles with data sets.
1. When you find an article and look at the full text, see if raw data or a statistical analysis are available. Sometimes you can see that in the Supplemental or Supporting Information.
2. The journal, Scientific Data, is amazing! It contains open-access and peer-reviewed articles. If you look under the Sections tab, there should be a link to data citations or data record.
3. Use the advanced search in Web of Science to search by topic and limit to Data Paper.