Citing Web Pages
Citation of sources in both footnote and bibliography form is of critical importance in a scholarly
work. It allows the reader to consult the materials for further study and to evaluate the validity
of your work. If citation format does not appear correct, expand your browser window.
If authored by an individual
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Document or File."
Title of Complete Work or Site. Date of document.
Protocol and address (date of access).
example:
Burka, Lauren P. “A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions.”
MUD History. 1993. http://www.utopia.com/talent/lpd/
muddex/essay (2 Aug. 1996).
If authored by an organization or company
Organization or company name. "Title of Document or File."
Date of document. Protocol and address (date of access).
example:
Franklin & Marshall College Library. “Welcome to the Library.” 1998.
http://www.library.fandm.edu (28 July 1999).
To cite a document or file with no author or organization listed
"Title of Document or File." Date of document. Protocol and address
(date of access).
example:
“Web Gateway Page.” Diversity University Main Campus.
http://128.18.101:8888/ (7 Sep. 1996).
Previously published documents found in full-text resources
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Journal or Newspaper Article."
Journal or Newspaper Name. Date of article. Web Index or Full-Text
Provider. Protocol and address (date of access).
example:
Kozinn, Allan. "New Works in Many Styles". New York Times.
21 November 1997, sec. E: 26. Lexis-Nexis.
http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe (28 July 1999).
Digital Copyright
Questions about digital copyright can be directed here:
http://www.fandm.edu/departments/provost/dmcaagent.html
A few words about annotation...
Websites can be a real problem because of their unpredictability. Even reputable sources may change
the web address that points to the information you cited in a paper. In your defense you should
provide annotation for each website citation that provides the following information:
- Who authored the site?
- What is the scope and range of the site?
- When was the site last updated?
- How did you find the site?
It might be a good idea to print the first page for each website cited, and add that printout to the
appendix of your paper. This printout may serve as the only proof that the website did exist at
the time you did your research.
Above examples taken from:
The Columbia Guide to Online Style
Ref Desk PN 171 .F56 W35 1998
More citation information can be found here:
MLA website
APA website
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